These two words are the roots of the articles in languages that derive from Latin: the indefinite article in Romance languages is usually un(a) the definite article, while more varied, usually resembles either the first or the second syllable of ille ( el, il, le, la, and so forth). In this case the Latin unus (“one”) may stand in for a(n), and ille (“that”) may be used for the. When translating English to Latin, it is not usually necessary to translate these words, unless they be emphasized. There are no words in Latin which correspond directly to English a, an, or the. Latin nouns are similar to English nouns with three crucial differences:įirst, Latin nouns do not use articles. Very rarely- patrials in -ās, -ātis -īs, -ītis.A noun (in Latin, nomen-literally “name”) represents, or names, a person, place, thing, or idea.Sometimes- apis, caedēs, clādēs, mēnsis, struēs, subolēs.

Always- canis, iuvenis, 2 ambāgēs, mare (once only, otherwise wanting), volucris.The following have -um (not -ium) in the genitive plural.

An old form for both cases is -eis (diphthong).ħ8. The regular accusative plural -īs is common, but not exclusively used in any word. The regular nominative plural of i-stems is -ēs, 1 but -īs is occasionally found. Note 3- Canis and iuvenis have cane, iuvene.ħ7. Note 2- Most names of towns in -e (as, Praeneste, Tergeste） and Sōracte, a mountain, have the ablative in -e. The defective māne has sometimes mānī ( § 103. Note 1- The ablative of famēs is always famē （ § 105. In avis, clāvis, febris, fīnis, īgnis, 1 imber, lūx, nāvis, ovis, pelvis, puppis, sēmentis, strigilis, turris, and occasionally in other words.Īffīnis, bipennis, canālis, familiāris, nātālis, rīvālis, sapiēns, tridēns, trirēmis, vōcālis In neuters in -e, -al, -ar except: baccar, iubar, rēte, and sometimes mare. In the following adjectives used as nouns.Īequālis, annālis, aquālis, cōnsulāris, gentīlis, molāris, prīmipīlāris, tribūlisģ. In nouns having the Accusative in -im (§ 75 above) also secūris. The Ablative in -ī is found exclusively-ġ. The regular form of the ablative singular of i-stems would be -ī.īut, in most nouns this is changed to -e.Ī.

The accusative in -im is found sometimes in febris, puppis, restis, turris, secūris, sēmentis, and rarely in many other words.ħ6. In adverbs in -tim (being accusative of nouns in -tis), as, partim and in amussim. In būris, cucumis, rāvis, sitis, tussis, vīs. The accusative in -im is found exclusively-ġ. stella, -am servus, -um)īut, in most nouns this is changed to -em (following the consonant declension).Ī. The regular case-ending of the accusative singular of i-stems (m. The ablative singular of all neuters, and of many masculines and feminines, ends in -ī. or f.) of a few ends in -im (§ 75 below).Į. All neuters have the nominative and accusative plural in -ia.Ĭ. They have the genitive plural in -ium (but some monosyllables lack it entirely). I-stems show the i of the stem in the following forms:Ī. The nominative plural ( -īs) 1 was most thoroughly lost, next the accusative singular ( -im), next the ablative ( -ī) while the genitive and accusative plural ( -ium, -īs) were retained in almost all.ħ4. There was a tendency in nouns to lose the i-forms, in adjectives to gain them. The i-declension was confused even to the Romans themselves, nor was it stable at all periods of the language, early Latin having i-forms which afterwards disappeared.

Accusative singular latin endings